Nicolae Panoiu’s publications

[1]

N. - C. Panoiu, R. M. Osgood, Jr., B. A. Malomed “Semi-discrete composite solitons in arrays of quadratically nonlinear waveguides” Opt. Lett. 31, (2006).
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We demonstrate that an array of discrete waveguides on a slab substrate, both featuring the χ(2) nonlinearity, supports stable solitons composed of discrete and continuous components. Two classes of fundamental composite solitons are identified: ones consisting of a discrete fundamental-frequency (FF) component in the waveguide array, coupled to a continuous second-harmonic (SH) component in the slab waveguide, and solitons with an inverted FF/SH structure. Twisted bound states of the fundamental solitons are found too. In contrast with usual systems, the intersite-centered fundamental solitons and bound states with the twisted continuous components are stable, in an almost entire domain of their existence.

[2]

J. F. McMillan, X. Yang, N. - C. Panoiu, R. M. Osgood, Jr., C. W. Wong “Enhanced stimulated Raman scattering in slow-light photonic crystal waveguides” Opt. Lett. 31, (2006).
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We investigate for the first time the enhancement of the stimulated Raman scattering in slow-light Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) photonic crystal line defect waveguides. By applying the Bloch-Floquet formalism to the guided modes in a planar photonic crystal, we develop a formalism that relates the intensity of the down-shifted Stokes signal to the pump intensity and the modal group velocities. The formalism is then applied to two prospective schemes for enhanced stimulated Raman generation in slow-light photonic crystal waveguides. The results demonstrate a maximum factor of 104 (66,000) enhancement with respect to SOI channel waveguides. Effects of two photon absorption, intrinsic scattering, and disorder with respect to slow-light Raman generation towards optically-pumped silicon amplifiers and lasers are also discussed.

[3]

X. Chen, N. - C. Panoiu, and R. M. Osgood, Jr. “Theory of Raman-mediated pulsed amplification in silicon-wire waveguides” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 42, 160 (2006).
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We present a comprehensive theoretical study of pulsed stimulated Raman scattering in silicon wires. The pulse dynamics is described by a system of coupled equations, which describes intrinsic waveguide optical losses, phase shift and losses due to free-carriers (FCs) generated through two-photon absorption (TPA), first- and second-order frequency dispersion, self-phase and cross-phase modulation, TPA losses, and the interpulse Raman interaction. Furthermore, the influence of the FCs on the pulse dynamics is incorporated through a rate equation. The corresponding system of equations has then been numerically integrated, and phenomena such as noise-seeded Raman amplification, pulsed Raman amplification, and Raman-mediated pulse interaction have been described.

[4]

S. Zhang, W. Fan, N. - C. Panoiu, K. J. Malloy, R. M. Osgood, Jr., and S. R. J. Brueck “Demonstration of near-infrared negative-index-metamaterials” Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 137404 (2005).
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Metal-based negative refractive-index materials have been extensively studied in the microwave region. However, negative-index metamaterials have not been realized at near-IR or visible frequencies due to difficulties of fabrication and to the generally poor optical properties of metals at these wavelengths. In this Letter, we report the first fabrication and experimental verification of a transversely structured metal-dielectric-metal multilayer exhibiting a negative refractive index around 2 μm. Both the amplitude and the phase of the transmission and reflection were measured experimentally, and are in good agreement with a rigorous coupled wave analysis.

[5]

N. - C. Panoiu, R. M. Osgood, Jr., B. A. Malomed, F. Lederer, D. Mazilu, and D. Mihalache “Parametric light bullets supported by quasi-phase-matched quadratically nonlinear crystals” Phys. Rev. E 71, 036615 (2005).
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We present a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of three-dimensional spatiotemporal nonspinning and spinning solitons in quasi-phased-matched (QPM) gratings. By employing an averaging approach based on perturbation theory, we show that the soliton's stability is strongly affected by the QPM-induced third-order nonlinearity (which is always of a mixed type, with opposite signs in front of the corresponding self-phase and cross-phase modulation terms). We study the dependence of the stability of the spatiotemporal soliton (STS) on its energy, spin, the wave-vector mismatch between the fundamental and second harmonics, and the relative strength of the intrinsic quadratic and QPM-induced cubic nonlinearities. In particular, all the spinning solitons are unstable against fragmentation, while zero-spin STS's have their stability regions on the system's parameter space.

[6]

S. Zhang, W. Fan, K. J. Malloy, S. R. J. Brueck, N. - C. Panoiu, and R. M. Osgood, Jr. “Near-infrared double negative metamaterials” Opt. Express 13, 4922 (2005).
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We numerically demonstrate a metamaterial with both negative ε and negative μ over an overlapping near-infrared wavelength range resulting in a low loss negative-index material. Parametric studies optimizing this negative index are presented. This structure can be easily fabricated with standard semiconductor processing techniques.

[7]

M. Bahl, N.-C. Panoiu, and R. M. Osgood, Jr. “Modeling ultrashort field dynamics in surface emitting lasers by using finite-difference time-domain method” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 41, 1244 (2005).
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An approach based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is developed for simulating the dynamics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). The material response is incorporated in our FDTD algorithm by the effective semiconductor Bloch equations, and its effects are accounted for through a resonant polarization term in the Maxwell's equations. Moreover, nonlinear gain saturation is incorporated through a gain suppression factor in the equation governing the dynamics of the resonant polarization. This approach is verified by modeling a λ-cavity VCSEL, with a multiple quantum-well (MQW) gain region; the corresponding continuous-wave operation is obtained at the expected wavelength. The dynamics of ultrashort pulses generated by a monolithic passively mode-locked one-dimensional VCSEL with a MQW gain region and a single QW saturable absorber are studied and it is demonstrated that a stable mode-locked pulse train can be generated. It is also demonstrated that with our FDTD approach subcycle temporal precision can be achieved. The need for this fine temporal resolution is established by investigating pulse propagation through the semiconductor saturable absorber. Fine features of the spatial profile of the mode-locked pulses are also examined within this approach. This knowledge of the fine spatial features is then used for lowering the current threshold through gain structure optimization. Various approaches for the reduction of the total simulation time are also discussed.

[8]

N.-C. Panoiu and R. M. Osgood, Jr. “Subwavelength nonlinear plasmonic nanowire” Nano Lett. 4, 2427 (2004).
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We investigate numerically, by means of the finite-difference time-domain method, the propagation characteristics of surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) modes excited in an optical nanowire consisting of a chain of Ag spheres embedded in dielectric shells made of materials with optical Kerr nonlinearity. It is demonstrated that, in the linear limit, the nanowire supports two SPP modes, a transverse and a longitudinal one, separated by Δλ = 20 nm. Furthermore, the dependence of the transmission characteristics of these SPP modes, on both the pulse peak power and Kerr coefficient of the dielectric shell, is investigated. Nonlinear optical phenomena, such as power dependence of mode frequency, switching, or optical limiting, are observed and discussed.

[9]

M. Bahl, H. Rao, N.-C. Panoiu, and R. M. Osgood, Jr. “Simulation of mode-locked surface-emitting lasers through a finite-difference time-domain algorithm” Opt. Lett. 29, 1689 (2004).
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An approach based on the finite-difference time-domain method is developed for simulating the dynamics of passive mode locking in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). The material response is modeled by the effective semiconductor Bloch equations through a resonant polarization term in the Maxwell's equations. Nonlinear gain saturation is incorporated through a gain compression factor in the equation governing the dynamics of the resonant polarization. An extended-cavity VCSEL with a quantum-well saturable absorber is simulated, and stable mode-locking pulses are obtained. Fine features of the spatial profile of the mode-locked pulses are also studied within this approach.

[10]

N.-C. Panoiu, M. Bahl, and R. M. Osgood, Jr. “ All-optical tunability of a nonlinear photonic crystal channel drop filter” Opt. Express 12, 1605 (2004).
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We report a numerical analysis of an optically tunable channel drop filter that consists of a resonant cavity side-coupled to a waveguide embedded in a two-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal. We first introduce a numerical method that allows us to calculate the photonic band structure of a nonlinear photonic crystal, as well as the frequency and field profile of cavity and waveguide modes. Then, we use this numerical method to study the dependence of the resonant frequency of a cavity side-coupled to a waveguide, on the optical power in the waveguide.

[11]

N. - C. Panoiu, M. Bahl, and R. M. Osgood, Jr., “Ultrafast optical tuning of superprism effect in nonlinear photonic crystals” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 21, 1500 (2004).
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A comprehensive analysis of optically tunable superprism effect in a two-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal is presented. We demonstrate that, under certain circumstances, if one modifies the band structure of the crystal through the Kerr effect induced by a pump beam, the refraction angle of the transmitted signal beam can be tuned over tens of degrees. Two complementary geometries are considered, namely air-holes in a dielectric background and dielectric rods surrounded by air, and in both cases both the TE and TM polarizations are studied. It is demonstrated that due to the field enhancement at the position of the rods, the superprism effect is larger if the latter configuration is used. We also show that, due to the slow light effect, in both cases the optical power required to tune the refracted angle is dramatically reduced if the frequency of the pump beam is close to a photonic band-gap edge.

[12]

N. - C. Panoiu, D. Mihalache, D. Mazilu, I. V. Mel’nikov, J. S. Aitchison, F. Lederer, and R. M. Osgood, Jr., “Dynamics of dual-frequency solitons under the influence of frequency-sliding filters, third-order dispersion, and intrapulse Raman scattering” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 10, 885 (2004).
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We analyze the structure of the optical field emerging from a superposition of two solitonlike pulses with different frequencies and arbitrary phase-shift between them, and show that the optical output contains either symmetric or antisymmetric two-soliton states. Furthermore, we study numerically the dynamics of these emerging two-soliton states under the influence of perturbative effects that are important for optical communications systems: frequency-sliding filters, third-order dispersion, and intrapulse Raman scattering.

[13]

N.-C. Panoiu, D. Mihalache, D. Mazilu, F. Lederer, and R. M. Osgood, Jr. “Vectorial spatial solitons in bulk periodic quadratically nonlinear media” J. Opt. B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics 6, S351 (2004).
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We present a comprehensive analysis of the generation, propagation, and characteristic properties of two-dimensional spatial solitons formed in quasi-phase matched gratings through Type-II vectorial interaction. By employing an averaging approach based on asymptotic expansion theory, we show that the dynamics of soliton propagation in the grating and their stability properties are strongly in°uenced by induced Kerr-like nonlinearities. Finally, through extensive numerical simulations, we verify the validity of our theoretical predictions.

[14]

N. - C. Panoiu, M. Bahl, and R. M. Osgood, Jr., “Optically tunable superprism effect in nonlinear photonic crystals” Opt. Lett. 28, 2503 (2003).
Available here

An analysis of the tunable superprism effect in a two-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal is presented. We show that, by shifting the photonic bands of the crystal through the Kerr effect induced by a pump beam, one can tune the refraction angle of a transmitted signal beam over tens of degrees. We also demonstrate that the optical power required to tune the refracted angle is dramatically reduced. if the frequency of the pump beam is close to a bandgap edge.

[15]

N. - C. Panoiu, D. Mihalache, H. Rao, and R. M. Osgood, Jr., “Spatial solitons in type II quasi-phase-matched slab waveguides” Phys. Rev. E Rapid Communications 68, 065603(R) (2003).
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The existence and dynamics of one-dimensional spatial solitons formed upon propagation in quasiphasematched gratings, through three-wave parametric interaction, is analyzed. We study the general case in which the grating exhibits a periodic modulation of both the refractive index and the second-order susceptibility. It is demonstrated that for negative effective wave vector mismatch the induced third-order nonlinearities increase the domain of soliton instability. Finally, the dependence of the efficiency of the second harmonic generation process in the soliton regime, on the parameters of the grating, is discussed.

[16]

N. - C. Panoiu and R. M. Osgood, Jr., “Influence of the dispersive properties of metals on the transmission characteristics of left-handed materials” Phys. Rev. E 68, 016611 (2003).
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We study numerically the influence of the frequency dispersion of the dielectric function of metals on the physical properties of negative-refractive-index metamaterials. A numerical analysis is performed using the transfer matrix formalism in conjunction with the finite-difference time-domain method. We analyze the dependence of the transmission and absorption properties of a slab of split-ring-type resonators on the parameters characterizing the frequency dispersion of the metallic dielectric function: plasma frequency and damping frequency. Then, using these transmission and reflection coefficients, we show that the refractive index remains negative near the resonant frequency of the rings, despite the presence of frequency dispersion. We also determine the dependence of the position and width of the band gaps of a slab of such a metamaterial on the material dispersion. Finally, we also discuss the influence of the shape of the split-ring resonators on the transmission and reflection coefficients. The calculations are performed for both two- and three-dimensional structures.

[17]

N. - C. Panoiu, D. Mihalache, D. Mazilu, F. Lederer, and R. M. Osgood, Jr., “Two-dimensional solitons in quasi-phase-matched quadratic crystals” Phys. Rev. E 68, 016608 (2003).
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We study the existence and dynamics of two-dimensional spatial solitons in crystals that exhibit a periodic modulation of both the refractive index and the second-order susceptibility for achieving quasi-phase-matching. Far from resonances between the domain length of the periodic crystal and the diffraction length of the beams, it is demonstrated that the properties of the solitons in this quasi-phase-matched geometry are strongly influenced by the induced third-order nonlinearities. The stability properties of the two-dimensional solitons are analyzed as a function of the total power, the effective wave-vector mismatch between the first and second harmonics, and the relative strength between the induced third-order nonlinearity and the effective second-order nonlinearity. Finally, the formation of two-dimensional solitons from a Gaussian beam excitation is investigated numerically.

[18]

N. - C. Panoiu and R. M. Osgood, Jr., “Numerical investigation of negative refractive index metamaterials at infrared and optical frequencies” Opt. Commun. 223, 331 (2003).
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An analysis of the transmission properties of a slab of metallic split-ring resonators at near infrared and optical frequencies is presented. We focus on the influence of the parameters characterizing the intrinsic frequency dispersion of the metallic rings on the physical properties of recently introduced materials that exhibit a negative refractive index. It is demonstrated that, when a mesh of thin metallic wires is added, at the resonant frequency ω0 ~150 THz the refractive index of the resulting metamaterial is negative within a frequency hand Δω ~50 THz. The numerical analysis is performed using the transfer matrix formalism.

[19]

M. Bahl, N. - C. Panoiu, and R. M. Osgood, Jr., “Nonlinear optical effects in a two-dimensional photonic crystal containing one-dimensional Kerr defects” Phys. Rev. E 67, 056604 (2003).
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The nonlinear optical effects induced by a one-dimensional (1D) line defect, made of Kerr material, in a 2D photonic crystal are studied. Comprehensive ab initio numerical simulations based on the finite-difference time-domain method show efficient third-harmonic generation in a photonic crystal waveguide consisting of the 1D defect line. The relationship between the third harmonic generation process and the nonlinear modal properties of the waveguide is discussed. We investigate optical limiting in such a device, that is, control of the transmitted power as a function of the Kerr-induced variation of the refractive index. Power dependent spectral changes in such a device and its use as a frequency selector are also examined.

[20]

N. - C. Panoiu, I. V. Melnikov, D. Mihalache, C. Etrich, and F. Lederer, “Soliton generation from a multi-frequency optical signal” (review article) J. Opt. B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics 4, R53 (2002).
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We present a comprehensive analysis of the generation of optical solitons in a monomode optical fibre from a superposition of soliton-like optical pulses at different frequencies. It is demonstrated that the structure of the emerging optical field is highly dependent on the number of input channels, the inter-channel frequency separation, the time shift between the pulses belonging to adjacent channels, and the polarization of the pulses. Also, it is found that there exists a critical frequency separation above which wavelength-division multiplexing with solitons is feasible and that this critical frequency increases with the number of transmission channels. Moreover, for the case in which only two channels are considered, we analyse the propagation of the emerging two-soliton solutions in the presence of several perturbations important for optical networks: bandwidth-limited amplification, nonlinear amplification, and amplitude and phase modulation. Finally, the influence of the birefringence of the fibre on the structure of the emerging optical field is discussed.

[21]

N. - C. Panoiu, I. V. Melnikov, D. Mihalache, C. Etrich, and F. Lederer, “Multiwavelength pulse transmission in an optical fibre - amplifier system” Quantum Electronics 32, 1009 (2002).
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The structure and dynamics of solitary waves created in the interaction of multiwavelength pulses in a single-mode optical fibre with amplification, filtering, and amplitude modulation is analysed. It is shown that there is a critical wavelength separation between channels above which wavelength-division multiplexing with solitons is feasible and that this separation increases with the number of channels.

[22]

C. Etrich, N. - C. Panoiu, D. Mihalache, and F. Lederer, “Limits for interchannel frequency separation in a soliton wavelength-division multiplexing system” Phys. Rev. E 63, 016609 (2001).
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We identify the required interchannel frequency separation of the input field for a soliton wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) system. It is found that the critical frequency separation above which WDM with solitons is feasible increases with the number of transmission channels. Moreover, it is shown that a combination of time- and wavelength-division multiplexing yields the largest transmission capacity. Finally, the structure of the soliton spectra which correspond to the frequency separation smaller than the critical frequency is discussed.

[23]

V. Melnikov, D. Mihalache, N. - C. Panoiu, F. Ginovart, and A. Zamudio Lara, “Coherent amplification of dual-frequency optical solitons in a doped fiber” Opt. Commun. 191, 133 (2001).
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It is found that the temporal behavior of sub-picosecond optical soliton-like pulses propagating through a fiber amplifier exhibits large deviations from the predictions based on standard soliton interaction theories. Both cases of adiabatic and pure coherent amplification of these dual-frequency solitons are studied. We show that it is possible to generate either a dual-frequency bound soliton state or a soliton train, The structure of the emerging optical state depends on the balance between the retarded coherent response introduced by an inverted two-level medium, nonresonant cubic nonlinearity, group-velocity dispersion, and Raman self-scattering.

[24]

A. V. Kiryanov, I. V. Melnikov, N. - C. Panoiu, F. Ginovart, and A. Zamudio Lara, “Coherent effects in a dual-frequency soliton interaction” Laser Physics 11, 522 (2001).

The temporal structure of subpicosecond dual-frequency optical solitons propagating through a fiber amplifier is found to evolve either to a dual-frequency bound soliton state or a soliton train. The structure of the emerging optical state mainly depends on the balance between a retarded coherent response which is due to an inverted two-level medium and nonresonant cubic nonlinearity.

[25]

N. - C. Panoiu, D. Mihalache, D. Mazilu, L. - C. Crasovan, I. V. Melnikov, F. Lederer, “Soliton dynamics of symmetry-endowed two-soliton solutions of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation” Chaos 10, 625 (2000).

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A comprehensive analysis is presented of the propagation of symmetry-endowed two-soliton solutions under the influence of various perturbations important in nonlinear optics. Thus, we begin by introducing the analytical expressions of these two-soliton solutions. Then, by considering perturbations which preserve the initial symmetry of the two-soliton solutions, the dependence of the soliton parameters on the propagation distance is determined by using an adiabatic perturbation method. As perturbations of this kind, important for soliton-based communication systems, we consider the bandwidth-limited amplification, nonlinear amplification, and amplitude and phase modulation. Moreover, the results obtained by the adiabatic perturbation method are compared with those obtained by direct numerical simulations of the corresponding governing differential equations.

[26]

I. V. Melnikov, D. Mihalache, and N. - C. Panoiu, “Localized multidimensional femtosecond optical pulses in an off-resonance two-level medium Opt. Commun. 181, 345 (2000).

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The propagation of a femtosecond optical pulse in a multidimensional off-resonance two-level medium is studied. Within the quasiadiabatic following approach, the evolution of the pulse is governed by a generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation with coupling between the spatial and temporal profile. The presence of this coupling can have a dramatic influence on the dynamics of the optical pulse. Thus, one can observe effects which cannot be described within the framework of the slowly-varying envelope approximation. In particular, we show that due to the interaction between the transient diffraction and the electrodynamic absorption, stable, localized multidimensional pulses can be formed.

[27]

N. - C. Panoiu, “Anomalous diffusion in two-dimensional potentials with hexagonal symmetry” Chaos 10, 166 (2000).

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The diffusion process in a Hamiltonian dynamical system describing the motion of a particle in a two-dimensional (2D) potential with hexagonal symmetry is studied. It is shown that, depending on the energy of the particle, various transport processes can exist: normal (Brownian) diffusion, anomalous diffusion, and ballistic transport. The relationship between these transport processes and the underlying structure of the phase space of the Hamiltonian dynamical system is investigated. The anomalous transport is studied in detail in two particular cases: in the first case, inside the chaotic sea there exist self-similar structures with fractal properties while in the second case the transport takes place in the presence of multilayered structures. It is demonstrated that structures of the second type can lead to a physical situation in which the transport becomes ballistic. Also, it is shown that for all cases in which the diffusive transport is anomalous the trajectories of the diffusing particles contain long segments of regular motion, the length of these segments being described by Levy probability density functions. Finally, the numerical values of the parameters which describe the diffusion processes are compared with those predicted by existing theoretical models.

[28]

N. - C. Panoiu, I. V. Melnikov, D. Mihalache, C. Etrich, and F. Lederer, “Soliton generation in optical fibers for a dual-frequency input” Phys. Rev. E 60, 4868 (1999).

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We analyze scenarios of soliton generation in an ideal fiber for an input that consists of either two in-phase or out-of-phase solitonlike optical pulses at different frequencies. In both cases the relationship between the structure of the emerging solitons and;the frequency separation of the initial solitons is studied both analytically and numerically. Depending on the value of the frequency detuning, if the two initial solitons are in phase (symmetric input), two bound solitons with equal amplitudes (breather), a single soliton, or a pair of solitons, which have equal amplitudes and exhibit opposite velocities, can be generated. When the two initial solitons are out-of-phase (antisymmetric input), only the last scenario takes place. Also, we calculated the threshold values of the frequency separation at which the structure of the emerging solitons changes. Moreover, we demonstrated that two of these critical frequencies correspond to cusplike maxima of the energy density of the radiative modes. Finally, we show that these analytical results are entirely verified by numerical simulations.

[29]

D. Mihalache, I. V. Melnikov, and N. - C. Panoiu, “Novel femtosecond optical solitons in weakly excited semiconductors” Proc. SPIE, vol. 3405, 353 (1998).

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We apply the quasiadiabatic approximation for the femtosecond pulse propagation in a collection of excitons in the case of weak interaction between the optical pulse and the semiconductor medium. Using the semiconductor Maxwell-Bloch equations beyond the slowly varying envelope approximation we show that the dynamics of femtosecond pulse propagation is described by the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation. Bright solitons superimposed on a continuous wave background are found and their stability against low amplitude perturbations is investigated. Possible experiments in semiconductor systems such as GaAs/AlGaAs are discussed.

[30]

D. Mihalache, L. - C. Crasovan, and N. - C. Panoiu, “On a coupled system of equations describing pulse propagation in quadratic media” J. Phys. A 30, 5855 (1997).

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In the slowly varying envelope approximation we derive the basic equations that describe the propagation of ultrashort purses in quadratically nonlinear media in which a wave at a fundamental frequency interacts with its second harmonic. In the governing equations we keep linear terms that account for both second-and third-order dispersion and nonlinear terms describing both nonlinear dispersion and self-steepening of the purse edge. We then perform the Painleve singularity structure analysis of the most general system of coupled partial differential equations we derived. In a specific case, when third-order dispersion is negligible, by using a Hirota-like method, we found zero-and one-parameter families of bright (fundamental frequency) and dark (second harmonic) solitary waves which travel at a locked group velocity.

[31]

I. V. Melnikov, D. Mihalache, F. Moldoveanu, and N. - C. Panoiu, “Quasiadiabatic following of femtosecond optical pulses in a weakly excited semiconductor” Phys. Rev. A 56, 1569 (1997).

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Using semiconductor Maxwell-Bloch equations, we analyze the response of an ensemble of 1s excitons driven by a femtosecond optical pulse beyond the traditional approach of slowly varying amplitudes and phases. For optical pulses of a given duration, we show that the off-resonance optical field can evolve into a stable soliton. Besides hyperbolic-secant solitons, we find a single soliton with nonzero asymptotics that is stable against low-amplitude perturbations and whose form is not affected by collisions.

[32]

I. V. Melnikov, D. Mihalache, F. Moldoveanu, and N. - C. Panoiu, “Non-envelope formulation for femtosecond optical pulses in semiconductors” JETP Lett. 65, 393 (1997).

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We analyze the response of an ensemble of 1s-excitons driven by a femtosecond optical pulse, beyond traditional "slowly varying amplitudes" approach. For optical pulses of a given duration it is shown that the off-resonance optical field can evolve into a stable soliton with nonzero asymptotic behavior.

[33]

D. Mihalache, L. - C. Crasovan, N. - C. Panoiu, F. Moldoveanu, and D. - M. Baboiu, “Timing jitter of femtosecond solitons in monomode optical fibers” Opt. Eng. 35, 1611 (1996).

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We study the propagation over long distances under the influence of the Raman effect of certain subpicosecond solitons, which are solutions of a perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation describing the propagation of light pulses in monomode optical fibers. We calculate the corresponding propagation distance limit due to the intrapulse Raman scattering soliton timing jitter. A formula that describes the soliton timing jitter effect due to the influence of amplified spontaneous emission noise on soliton group velocity induced by the coupling between amplitude and velocity is given and the propagation distance limit of soliton communication systems caused by this effect is evaluated.

[34]

N. - C. Panoiu, D. Mihalache, and D. - M. Baboiu, “Dark-soliton timing jitter caused by fluctuations in initial pulse shape” Phys. Rev. A 52, 4182 (1995).

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The dark-soliton timing jitters caused by fluctuations in either the soliton initial phase angle or the background amplitude when such a soliton propagates in a monomode optical fiber under the influence of the stimulated Raman scattering are investigated and compared with those that exist when the stimulated Raman scattering is not present. In addition, it is demonstrated that in the presence of the stimulated Raman scattering, there exists a distance at which, for the negative soliton initial phase angle, the dark-soliton timing jitter caused by fluctuations in the background amplitude becomes zero.

[35]

D. - M. Baboiu, D. Mihalache, and N. - C. Panoiu, “Combined influence of amplifier noise and intrapulse Raman scattering on the bit-rate limit of optical fiber communication systems” Opt. Lett. 20, 1865 (1995).

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Amplified spontaneous emission noise generates fluctuations in soliton energy and therefore fluctuations in the Raman self-frequency shift and in the group velocity. The corresponding timing jitter is found to be the main limitation for communication distances less than 1500 km.

[36]

D. Mihalache, N. - C. Panoiu, F. Moldoveanu, D. Mazilu, and D. - M. Baboiu, “Evolution of bright femtosecond solitons under the Raman perturbation” Proc. SPIE, vol. 2461, 226 (1995).

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We used the Riemann Problem Method with a 3 X 3 matrix system to find the single soliton solution for a perturbed nonlinear Schrodinger equation in the most compact form. The considered equation describes bright ultrashort pulse propagation in properly tailored monomode optical fibers. The propagation of different single soliton solutions under the influence of the self-induced Raman effect was illustrated. Unlike the single soliton solution of the standard nonlinear Schrodinger equation we found that one of the our soliton solution can exhibit instability which leads to soliton fission.

[37]

D. Mihalache, N. - C. Panoiu, F. Moldoveanu, D. Mazilu, and D. - M. Baboiu, “The Riemann problem method for solving a perturbed nonlinear Schrodinger equation describing pulse propagation in optical fibres” J. Phys. A 27, 6177 (1994).

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We used the Riemann problem method with a 3*3 matrix system to find the femtosecond single soliton solution for a perturbed nonlinear Schrodinger equation which describes bright ultrashort pulse propagation in properly tailored monomode optical fibres. Compared with the Gel'fand-Levitan-Marchenko approach, the major advantage of the Riemann problem method is that it provides the general single soliton solution in a simple and compact form. Unlike the standard nonlinear Schrodinger equation, here the single soliton solution exhibits periodic evolution patterns.

[38]

D. Mihalache, D. Mazilu, N. - C. Panoiu, F. Moldoveanu, and D. - M. Baboiu, “Propagation of subpicosecond soliton-like pulses in optical fibers” Optica Applicata XXIV, 197 (1994).

We investigated the possibility of propagation under the influence of the Raman effect of certain subpicosecond soliton-like pulses which are solutions of a perturbed nonlinear Schrodinger equation describing the propagation of light waves in monomode optical fibres. We calculated the propagation distance limits of long-haul transmission systems caused by the intrapulse Raman scattering soliton timing jitter and the amplified spontaneous emission noise induced timing jitter.

[39]

D. Mihalache, N. Truta, N. - C. Panoiu, and D. - M. Baboiu “Analytic method for solving the modified nonlinear Schrodinger equation describing soliton propagation along optical fibers” Phys. Rev. A 47, 3190 (1993).

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We give a direct method for obtaining exact solutions of the modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation iut+ epsilon uxx+2p||u||2u+2iq(||u||2u)x =0 describing the propagation of light pulses in optical fibers. By using a suggestive particlelike description, we classify all the obtained analytical solutions into one of the following categories: the ``algebraic'' soliton, the one-soliton solution, the bright solitary waves, and the regular periodic solutions which are very important from the physical point of view.

[[40]

D. Mihalache, L. Torner, F. Moldoveanu, N. - C. Panoiu, and N. Truta, “Inverse scattering approach to femtosecond solitons in monomode optical fibers” Phys. Rev. E 48, 4699 (1993).

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Using the inverse-scattering transform with 3 x 3 U-V matrix representation and fully exploiting the symmetry properties of the scattering matrix elements, we found the one-parameter single-soliton, the four-parameter breather soliton, and the general N-soliton solutions of a perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation which describes the femtosecond pulse propagation in optical fibers. The threshold power below which the one-parameter single soliton cannot be formed was given. The main characteristic of the general single-soliton solution of the perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation is that it presents an arbitrary number of ``humps'' (local maxima of the amplitude) of different heights.

[41]

D. Mihalache and N. - C. Panoiu, “Analytic method for solving the  nonlinear Schrodinger equation describing pulse propagation in dispersive optical fibers” J. Phys. A 26, 2679 (1993).

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The authors give a method for obtaining new exact solutions of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation describing pulse propagation in optical fibres for both the anomalous and the normal dispersion regime. The method is based on the construction of a certain complete integrable finite-dimensional dynamical system whose solution determines the exact solutions of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. By using the phase diagrams associated with the corresponding nonlinear differential equations they classify all the obtained solutions into one of the following categories: bright or dark solitary waves, bright or dark soliton solutions, rational (algebraic) bright or dark solitons, regular or singular periodic waves and stationary solutions. They give a set of particular solutions which describe the periodic wave patterns that are generated by the temporal self-phase modulation instability, the periodic evolution of bright solitons on a continuous wave background and the collision of two dark waves with equal amplitudes.

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D. Mihalache, L. Torner, F. Moldoveanu, N. - C. Panoiu and N. Truta, “Soliton solutions for a perturbed nonlinear Schrodinger equation” J. Phys. A 26, L757 (1993).

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Using the inverse scattering transform the authors found one-parameter and the breather-like four-parameter soliton solutions of a perturbed nonlinear Schrodinger equation which describes the pulse propagation in optical fibres in the femtosecond regime.

[43]

D. Mihalache and N. - C. Panoiu, “Exact solutions for nonlinear Schrodinger equation for normal dispersion regime in optical fibers” Phys. Rev. A 45, 6730 (1992).

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We describe a method for obtaining exact solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation for describing pulse propagation in optical fibers in the normal-group-velocity-dispersion regime. The method is based on the construction of a certain complete integrable finite-dimensional dynamical system whose solutions determine the exact solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation.

[44]

D. Mihalache and N. - C. Panoiu, “Exact solutions of nonlinear Schrodinger equation for positive group velocity dispersion” J. Math. Phys. 33, 2323 (1992).

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A method is given for obtaining new exact solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equation describing the propagation of pulses in optical fibers for positive group-velocity dispersion. The method is based on the construction of a certain complete integrable finite-dimensional dynamical system, whose solutions determine the exact solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The set of exact analytic solutions contains dark solitary waves, dark soliton, periodic, and stationary solutions which are very important from a physical point of view.